左
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
左 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大一 (KM), four-corner 40011, composition ⿸𠂇工)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 325, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8720
- Dae Jaweon: page 626, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 411, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5DE6
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
左 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𠂇 𢀡 㔫 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 左 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
左 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls |
佐 | *ʔsaːls |
袏 | *ʔslaːls |
蹉 | *sʰlaːl |
瑳 | *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ |
搓 | *sʰlaːl |
磋 | *sʰlaːl |
溠 | *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls |
傞 | *sʰlaːl, *slaːl |
醝 | *zlaːl |
瘥 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls |
鹺 | *zlaːl |
嵯 | *zlaːl, *sʰral |
嵳 | *zlaːl |
蒫 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl |
艖 | *zlaːl, *sʰraːl |
齹 | *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral |
縒 | *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ |
褨 | *slaːlʔ |
嗟 | *ʔsljal |
差 | *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral |
鎈 | *sʰraːl |
槎 | *zraːl, *zraːlʔ |
髊 | *zlals |
Originally as 𠂇 in the oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a left hand. Compare 又 (“right hand”).
Late bronze inscription forms show an added 工 (“work; to assist?”) component, i.e. the current form is a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls) : phonetic 𠂇 () + semantic 工, representing the original form of 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”).
Etymology
Cognate with 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”) (< be on one's left side); mirror of the semantic relationship between 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b(w)aj (“left (hand)”) (STEDT).
- “(politics) left-wing”
- Semantic loan from English left, in turn a semantic loan from French gauche.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zo3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зуә (zuə, II)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zo2
- Gan (Wiktionary): zo3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chó
- Jin (Wiktionary): ze2
- Northern Min (KCR): cǒ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): cō̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 5tsu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zo3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zuǒ
- Wade–Giles: tso3
- Yale: dzwǒ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoo
- Palladius: цзо (czo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zo3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zo
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зуә (zuə, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suə⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zo2
- Yale: jó
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzo2
- Guangdong Romanization: zo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: zo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chó
- Hakka Romanization System: zo`
- Hagfa Pinyim: zo3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡so³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ze2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sɤ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǒ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cō̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Quanzhou:
- chó - vernacular;
- chó͘ - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 左 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡suo²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /t͡suo²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡suo¹³/ | |
Jinan | /t͡suə²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡suə²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡suo⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡suo⁵³/ | |
Xining | /t͡su⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡suə⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡suə⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡suɤ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡suo⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡so⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡so⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /t͡so⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡so²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /t͡sʊ²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sɤ⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡suɤ⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡su³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /t͡səu⁵¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡so⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡sɤu³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡so³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /t͡so³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡so⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡so⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡so²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡so³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /t͡so³¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɔ³⁵/ |
Nanning | /t͡sɔ³⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sɔ³⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡so⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡so³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sɔ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡so⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /to²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: tsaX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤa[j]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaːlʔ/
Definitions
- left (direction)
- 左手 ― zuǒshǒu ― left hand
- east; areas to the east
- (historical) inferior position
- unorthodox; wrong
- erroneously; mistakingly
- different; divided; inconsistent
- (politics) left-wing
- (Sichuanese, of singing) out of tune; off-key
- (Southwestern Mandarin, including Sichuanese) to exchange
- (Eastern Min) devious, dishonest
- (Xiang) wrong; incorrect
- a surname
- 左宗棠 ― Zuǒ Zōngtáng ― Zuo Zongtang
Usage notes
In communist publications, 左 is usually put in quotation marks when referring to something further to the left of the correct party line.
Synonyms
Antonyms
- 右 (yòu, “right”)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zuǒ
- Wade–Giles: tso3
- Yale: dzwǒ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoo
- Palladius: цзо (czo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: tsaX, tsaH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤa[j]ʔ/, /*tsˤarʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaːlʔ/, /*ʔsaːls/
Definitions
Compounds
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Descendants
Others:
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References
- “左”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01151
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Alternative forms
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
左 |
ひだり Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
/hidari/: *[pidari] → [ɸidari] → [çidari].
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (direction) left, the side of the left hand
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 229:
- Fidari. ヒダリ (左) 左手, または, 左の方
- 1999 August 10, “[封](ふう)[印](いん)されし[者](もの)の[左](ひだり)[腕](うで) [Left Arm of the Sealed One]”, in 幻の召喚神 [Phantom God], Konami:
- 封印された左腕。封印を解くと、無限の力を得られる。
- Fūinsareta hidariude. Fūin o toku to, mugen no chikara o erareru.
- A sealed left arm. Whosoever breaks the seal shall earn infinite power.
- 封印された左腕。封印を解くと、無限の力を得られる。
- (politics) a leftist
Antonyms
Derived terms
- 左側 (hidarigawa)
- 左利き (hidarikiki)
- 左手 (hidarite)
- 左巻き (hidarimaki)
- 左上 (hidariue)
- 左下 (hidarishita)
- 右左 (migihidari)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
左 |
さ Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
Pronunciation
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Noun
- the left in vertical writing
- the following (one)
- 1905–06, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here):
- 吾輩はまず彼がどのくらい無学であるかを試してみようと思って左の問答をして見た。
- Wagahai wa mazu kare ga dono kurai mugaku de aru ka o tameshite miyō to omotte sa no mondō o shite mita.
- To judge just how uneducated he was, I posed the following question.
- 吾輩はまず彼がどのくらい無学であるかを試してみようと思って左の問答をして見た。
- 1905–06, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here):
References
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 左 (MC tsaX).
Historical readings |
---|
|
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕwa̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [좌(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Derived terms
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
- left (direction)
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Han pictograms
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- Grade 1 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading さ
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- Japanese terms spelled with 左 read as ひだり
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- Japanese single-kanji terms
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- ja:Politics
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